综合点评：这次托福考试写作部分整体难度适中，综合写作是新的考题，独立写作重复家考题目。
其中，综合写作考查生态环境类，整体难度偏高，生僻词汇较多。
独立写作个社会科学类题，难度适中，三选一类话题，学生在备考过程需要重视这类考题。
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综合写作
话题分类：生态环境类
考题回忆：
总论点：美国栗树因为一个真菌快灭绝了
阅读部分：一个美国的nut tree遭到the fungus入侵然后作者给了几个想法一个是杀死所有被侵犯的nut tree第二个是给树注射能杀死the fungus的病毒第三个是杂交不同地的树比如中国的nut tree（american chestnut tree被fungus infected需要三个strategy让它活过来）
听力部分：教授不同意其他的树也可以传播the fungus比如oak tree所以没用第二个是因为病毒很难自己自动的传播所以科学家和管理员必须人工的每棵树都要注射病毒非常浪费时间和钱第三个是杂交会导致树不习惯美国的生长环境即便与中国nut tree杂交可以获得抗性
解题思路：
阅读部分：
1.1.一个是杀死所有被侵犯的nut tree
2.2.第二个是给树注射能杀死the fungus的病毒
3.3.第三个是杂交不同地的树比如中国的nut tree
听力部分：
1.1.教授不同意其他的树也可以传播the fungus比如oak tree所以没用；
2.2.因为病毒很难自己自动的传播所以科学家和管理员必须人工的每棵树都要注射病毒非常浪费时间和钱;
3.3.杂交会导致树不习惯美国的生长环境即便与中国nut tree杂交可以获得抗性。
参考范文：
Both the reading and the listening discuss about releasing a type of fungus that invade the nut trees in the natural environment and make them almost extinct.The reading raises three arguments to several methods to resolve the problem,while the lecturer holds a totally different viewpoint.
First,as the reading suggests,the government should eliminate all the trees that has been infected.However,the listening points out that not all the trees have the capacity to spread disease,thus it would be worthless to do so.
Second,the reading mentions that through drug injection a tree can become robust and healthy again.The listening,on the other hand,argues that to inject every diseased tree requires great effort and labour.
Third,the reading passage suggests that through hybridization with the species of China the tree can become healthy.On the contrary,the lecturer argues that even doing so can make the trees develop an inner resistance to the fungus,it is very likely those trees may have problem adjusting to the living environment of America
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独立写作
话题分类：社会科学类
考题回忆：
Imagine that you have been given the opportunity to advise the government of a city or region(area)that you are familiar with to spend more money on ONE thing to benefit the city or region.Which ONE of these do you believe would be the most beneficial for the city or region?Why?
-Providing more affordable housing
-Decreasing(reducing)air and water pollution
-Attracting new businesses to the city or region
解题思路：
1.Providing affordable housing
--能吸引更多优秀的毕业生来这里工作,促进经济的发展。因为刚毕业的学生没有存款，需要一些低价的房屋。
坏处:--好处并不大.因为优秀的人才都可以找到高薪工作。这项政策只是有利于一些低收入人群，对城市的发展并没有特别的帮助.
2.reducing air and water pollution
--环境好有利于当地人的健康。比如空气污染导致城市中患哮喘的人特别多。...
--环境好一定程度上有利于促进经济发展。因为人们都希望到环境好的地方旅游，甚至是定居。新加坡，被誉为花园城市,几乎没有污染环境的重工业，就是一个很好的例子。每年不仅吸引了上百万的人去旅游，欣赏热带风光，还吸引了很多高素质的人才，比如程序员，律师，公司高管，去那里工作。既然他们的自己的高水平可以帮助他们在世界任何一个大城市获得工作land a job，为什么要选择crowded,traffic-ridden,polluted and devoid of green spaces的城市，不选择一个空气清新，远离污染的地方呢？
坏处：需要很长时间+很多资金投入才能收回成效.
3.attracting new business to city and region
--能直接促进就业，提升人们生活水平提升。比如，上海迪士尼Disneyland-theme park，建造工程，演职人员等等…给当地原本的低收入农民提供了很多工作，月收入也提升到了3000..
--能方便人们生活。比如Disneyland就让人们多了一个放松娱乐的好地方。比如Uber,ride-hailing进入到我们城市，出行就变得很方便了.
--能带来新的税收收入，政府可以用来提升城市基础设施…
参考范文：
As a matter of fact,given the development of our country’s economy and the improvement of people’s living standards,modern citizens are paying more and more attention to their social environment.And one significant factor of this issue is how to ensure the prosperity and development of a city.People are calling on the leaders of each city to argue the matter out,regarding which approach should be carried out:Providing more affordable housing；Decreasing(reducing)air and water pollution，or attracting new businesses to the city or region.In my opinion,attracting new business to city and region is the best way to protect and develop a city’s prosperity.
Commonly speaking,lowering food price and providing affordable housing may bring about favorable consequences,they are likely to put great pressure on the city’s budget.Then the government will have no money for other important social issues,which can finally pose threat to the city in the long turn.According to researchers from Department of Society in Fudan University,in their updated experiment about local governments,over 67%city leaders choose to create job opportunities instead of lowering food price or providing housing due to financial problems,which serves as a persuasive evidence that providing affordable housing maybe is not the best choice for prosperity of the city.
In terms of reducing the air and water pollution.To start with,protecting the environment may attract more people to travel to the city,which indirectly increases the revenue of the city.But it may hinder the process of our society,for spending resources to need a big amount of funding and takes a long time to be paid off.People currently are in urgent need of resources and land from the nature for technological improvement and food production,so protection of the air and water will hold back human beings’development,resulting in decreased living standards of people.Additionally,if laws to reduce pollution are passed and enforced,numerous business are likely to be negatively influenced,which leads to unstable economic situation.As most corporations rely on traditional sources to operate,once they are forbidden from exploiting them,they will make less profit out of restricted resources,and even go bankrupt.When this situation takes place in more and more business,devastating effects can result in local and global economy.
So probably the most plausible solution comes from attracting new business to city.Attracting new business to the city requires little financial support from the government,because the leader of the city may simply make policy which demands local business to implement it by opening more jobs for the unemployed.Additionally,such policy will greatly improve those people’s living condition and sense of happiness,which is the core of city development.The unemployed who receive job offers will in turn help boost the economy of the city,with increased purchasing power and hard work.As a result,with little financial input,the leader will witness dramatic changes of market happening in the city,which facilitates further development of the society.
In conclusion,I believe that the best way to increase confidence is to attract new business to city for the suggestions and methods because of the reasons above.
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